BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Inactivity is an important cause of chronic diseases. The level of one's Physical activity depends on his or her age, sex, education, job, smoking and etc. This study was performed to assess the Physical activity level and its relation to demographic characteristics in population of in Babol, Iran.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 2500 people in Babol, in 2007. In this multi stage sampling there were 20 clusters, each cluster contained 125 persons aged 20-65 years old. In each cluster data was gathered by convenience sampling by means of International Physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) contains information about level of Physical activity in three levels (severe, moderate and light).FINDINGS: Mean hours of Physical activity per week were 3.22±7.38 for severe, 5.7±8.5 for moderate, 1.7±2.47 for light Physical activity and 36.1±17.45 for sedentary activities. Men had significantly more Physical activities in every levels than women (p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.05). There were also significant differences between job and amounts of Physical activities in every three levels (p=0.000). Illiterate persons and persons with elementary education had severe Physical activity (p=0.000).CONCLUSION: This study showed that the level of sedentary activity was more than other activities that can result in many chronic diseases. So it is recommended to consider the public educational programs in order to encourage people to have regular Physical activity and make it as a good habit during their life.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on Physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized Physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of Physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the Physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different Physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various Physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different Physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various Physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which Physical and non-Physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between Physical and non-Physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different Physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of Physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Background: Physical activity is one of the most important indicators of health in communities but different studies conducted in the provinces of Iran showed that inactivity is prevalent, especially among women. Objectives: Inadequate regular Physical activities among women, the importance of education in promoting the Physical activities, and lack of studies on the women using transtheoretical model, persuaded us to conduct this study with the aim of determining the application of transtheoretical model in promoting the Physical activities among women of Isfahan. Materials and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study which was conducted on 141 women residing in Isfahan, Iran. They were randomly divided into case and control groups. In addition to the demographic information, their Physical activities and the constructs of the transtheoretical model (stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy) were measured at 3 time points; preintervention, 3 months, and 6 months after intervention. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed through t test and repeated measures ANOVA test using SPSS version 16. Results: The results showed that education based on the transtheoretical model significantly increased Physical activities in 2 aspects of intensive Physical activities and walking, in the case group over the time. Also, a high percentage of people have shown progress during the stages of change, the mean of the constructs of processes of change, as well as pros and cons. On the whole, a significant difference was observed over the time in the case group (P < 0. 01). Conclusions: This study showed that interventions based on the transtheoretical model can promote the Physical activity behavior among women.

Background: The increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases and preventive or aggravating factors associated with it such as Physical activities, feeling of malaise, stress, lack of well-being require ongoing investigations. Purpose: This descriptive study was conducted to identify factors associated with Physical activities in cardiac patients referring to health settings in Tehran.Methods: 400 patients were selected sequentially by a random multistage sampling method. A questionnaire in 3 parts including demographics, type of Physical activities and restricting as well as facilitating factors was used for data collection. Different statistical tests were used for data analysis. Results: Most patients (66.8%) had low to moderate daily activities and low to moderate exercise (70.4%). Restricting factors for Physical activities included feeling of malaise (41%) and stress (35.7%). Facilitating factors including feeling of wellness and self-efficacy in exercise were inaccessible for 64.7% and 74.5% respectively. A significant relationship was found between restricting factors (P<0.005) as well as lack of facilitating factors (0.05) and Physical activities. Conclusion: Daily Physical activities and exercise in cardiac patients are inadequate and worrying. The most significant factors in this regard include feeling of malaise, stress and lack of such facilitating factors as feeling of wellness and self-efficacy in exercise.

Introduction: Although the Physical activity of young women in Iran is very important, but this phenomenon is less known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a conceptual model of Physical activities of Iranian young women.Methods: The methodology of the research was a qualitative method, Grounded Theory (systematic approach). The study population consisted of Iranian women aged 20 to 40 years’ old who were participating in Physical activities. Based on the methodology of research, sampling method was theoretical sampling method and theoretical saturation was obtained after conducting 27 Semi-structured interviews with Iranian young women participating in Physical activities and review specialized texts (articles, books, websites and so on). The data analysis methods were continuous questions and comparisons.Results: In the open coding stage, seven main categories in the process of participating sports activities of Iranian young women were identified: (1) Personal Motivations, (2) Promotional Measures, (3) Barriers, (4) Sports Facilities, (5) Trainer, (6) Safety & Security, and (7) Physical activities Benefits. Findings also show that "personal motivations" and "promotional actions" are the primary motivators for young women to engage in Physical activity, but "facilities", "barriers", "trainer" and "safety and security" play vital roles in decision-making and participation in Physical activity, and if conditions are good, young women will continue to participate in Physical activities.Conclusion: Given that Iranian young women face many barriers, only those with very strong personal motivations participate in Physical activities